Predicting Student's Satisfaction towards Hybrid Learning in Informatics

This paper used regression and moderation approaches to evaluate the student's satisfaction with informatics towards the hybrid learning in their study. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) identified student satisfaction based on hybrid learning difficulty and benefit ($p < 0.001$). Linear Regression (LR) found hybrid learning benefits impacted the student's satis-faction significantly $(p < 0.001$). Student's $t$-test also revealed that Overall Satisfaction (OS) significantly affected hybrid learning's satisfaction ($p < 0.001$). Analysis of Co-variants (ANCOVA) also proved that hybrid learning's benefit ($p < 0.001$) and OS ($p < 0.05$) significantly influenced student satisfaction. The paper also proved that hybrid learning's benefits positively correlate with student satisfaction (0.596). The slopes of 'Yes' and 'No' are substantially different from one another when the probability value of 0.22 $(p > 0.05$). Hence, no moderator (OS) affects the relationship's strength between the benefit and satisfaction of hybrid learning. The paper also revealed that hybrid learning's difficulty has a negative correlation (-.18), and the benefit of hybrid learning is positively associated with student satisfaction (.66). Implementing a hybrid learning mode during Covid-19 periods significantly impacted student satisfaction and the decision taken by the administration was also meaningful. © 2023 IEEE.

Information Systems Resilience: The Role of Flexibility and Stability

This paper contributes to conceptualization of information system resilience. By building upon and extending the framework of Heeks and Ospina (2019), we argue that an information system's ability to be resilient lies in its balance between stability and flexibility. Based on empirical findings we suggest that a stable core and flexibility to change is crucial when a digital system is faced with unforeseen adversities. We hope to contribute to more theorizing of the information system resilience and inspire further research on this subject. The paper may also have practical value for stakeholders working with implementation of national information systems in the health sector. This is a qualitative case study conducted together with the Health Information Systems Programme (HISP) at the Institute of Informatics, University of Oslo. Our findings are based on empirical insights related to the DHIS2 software during the Covid-19 response. © 2022 Owner/Author.

The Pandemic as a Catalyst for Digital Pathology Adoption as an LDT

Whole-slide images (WSI) are the basis for the application of artificial intelligence/machine learning and other informatics methods to histological diagnosis and will further blur the line separating anatomic and clinical pathology. FDA classified WSI systems for primary diagnosis as class III (highest risk) medical devices until 2017. This discouraged anatomic pathology laboratories at risk-averse domestic institutions like mine from investing in these digital pathology (DP) platforms. In 2017, FDA downgraded WSI to class II (moderate risk) when they de-novo approved a system marketed by Philips. We were not interested in that system at my institution, but the downgrade caused us to reset our perception of the risk of validating a RUO system for primary diagnosis. Cost remained a barrier. In April 2020, FDA issued temporary guidance stating they would not enforce premarket approval of WSI systems to facilitate pathologists working remotely during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The guidance included a statement that "laboratories and hospitals consider performing a validation study.” In January 2021, FDA proposed making the temporary non-enforcement guidance permanent. So, in a little more than three years, WSI for primary diagnosis had gone from class III to exempted from pre-market approval! This nicely aligned the approval framework for WSI with the approval framework for our conventional optical microscopes, which are statutorily exempted from approval, and further reset our perception of risk. In April 2021, FDA withdrew the proposal to make non-enforcement permanent, but the temporary non-enforcement guidance is still in effect at the time of writing. Amid all this FDA activity, the College of American Pathologists updated and reissued their consensus guidelines for validating WSI systems for diagnostic purposes in March 2021. The narrative mentions the FDA's recent approval of a few WSI systems and anticipates more, but the expert panel recommendations do not include any related to the approval status of systems. The reissue of this document reminded us that, as clinical laboratorians, we are capable of safely validating WSI as a laboratory-developed test and are supported in doing so by consensus guidelines from one of our leading professional organizations. In early 2021 we committed to funding a DP initiative to make WSI part of our routine histological process for 10% of our anatomic pathology cases. The initial capital investment is $1.5M. When realized, the microscope slides for designated pathology services will be transported directly from the cover slipper to a slide scanner and electronically distributed to pathologists using a clinical-grade image management system that we share with our radiology department. We made the decision to fund this in the context of the regulatory (decreased perception of risk), sociological (demand for remote telepathology), and technological (availability of scalable WSI systems) changes that occurred during the pandemic.

A survey of automatic contact tracing approaches using bluetooth low energy

To combat the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, many new ways have been proposed on how to automate the process of finding infected people, also called contact tracing. A special focus was put on preserving the privacy of users. Bluetooth Low Energy as base technology has the most promising properties, so this survey focuses on automated contact tracing techniques using Bluetooth Low Energy. We define multiple classes of methods and identify two major groups: systems that rely on a server for finding new infections and systems that distribute this process. Existing approaches are systematically classified regarding security and privacy criteria.Copyright © 2021 ACM.

Changes in medication safety indicators in England throughout the covid-19 pandemic using OpenSAFELY: population based, retrospective cohort study of 57 million patients using federated analytics.

Objective: To implement complex, PINCER (pharmacist led information technology intervention) prescribing indicators, on a national scale with general practice data to describe the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on safe prescribing. Design: Population based, retrospective cohort study using federated analytics. Setting: Electronic general practice health record data from 56.8 million NHS patients by use of the OpenSAFELY platform, with the approval of the National Health Service (NHS) England. Participants: NHS patients (aged 18-120 years) who were alive and registered at a general practice that used TPP or EMIS computer systems and were recorded as at risk of at least one potentially hazardous PINCER indicator. Main outcome measure: Between 1 September 2019 and 1 September 2021, monthly trends and between practice variation for compliance with 13 PINCER indicators, as calculated on the first of every month, were reported. Prescriptions that do not adhere to these indicators are potentially hazardous and can cause gastrointestinal bleeds; are cautioned against in specific conditions (specifically heart failure, asthma, and chronic renal failure); or require blood test monitoring. The percentage for each indicator is formed of a numerator of patients deemed to be at risk of a potentially hazardous prescribing event and the denominator is of patients for which assessment of the indicator is clinically meaningful. Higher indicator percentages represent potentially poorer performance on medication safety. Results: The PINCER indicators were successfully implemented across general practice data for 56.8 million patient records from 6367 practices in OpenSAFELY. Hazardous prescribing remained largely unchanged during the covid-19 pandemic, with no evidence of increases in indicators of harm as captured by the PINCER indicators. The percentage of patients at risk of potentially hazardous prescribing, as defined by each PINCER indicator, at mean quarter 1 (Q1) 2020 (representing before the pandemic) ranged from 1.11% (age ≥65 years and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) to 36.20% (amiodarone and no thyroid function test), while Q1 2021 (representing after the pandemic) percentages ranged from 0.75% (age ≥65 years and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) to 39.23% (amiodarone and no thyroid function test). Transient delays occurred in blood test monitoring for some medications, particularly angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (where blood monitoring worsened from a mean of 5.16% in Q1 2020 to 12.14% in Q1 2021, and began to recover in June 2021). All indicators substantially recovered by September 2021. We identified 1 813 058 patients (3.1%) at risk of at least one potentially hazardous prescribing event. Conclusion: NHS data from general practices can be analysed at national scale to generate insights into service delivery. Potentially hazardous prescribing was largely unaffected by the covid-19 pandemic in primary care health records in England.

Paper and screen media in current health education practices aimed at older adults: a scoping review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: With technological advancement and the COVID-19 pandemic, paper-based media are giving way to screen-based media to promote healthy ageing. However, there is no review available covering paper and screen media use by older people, so the objective of this review is to map the current use of paper-based and/or screen-based media for health education aimed at older people. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The literature will be searched in Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Cinahl, The ACM Guide to Computing Literature and Psyinfo databases. Studies in English, Portuguese, Italian or Spanish published from 2012 to the date of the search will be examined. In addition, an additional strategy will be carried out, which will be a Google Scholar search, in which the first 300 studies according to Google's relevance algorithm will be verified. The terms used in the search strategy will be focused on older adults, health education, paper-based and screen-based media, preferences, intervention and other related terms. This review will include studies where the average age of the participants was 60 years or older and were users of health education strategies through paper-based or screen-based media. Two reviewers will carry out the selection of studies in five steps: identification of studies and removal of duplicates, pilot test, selection by reading titles and abstracts, full-text inclusion and search for additional sources. A third reviewer will resolve disagreements. To record information from the included studies, a data extraction form will be used. The quantitative data will be presented in a descriptive way and the qualitative data through Bardin's content analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is not applicable to the scoping review. The results will be disseminated through presentations at significant scientific events and published in journals in the area. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Open science framework (DOI: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/GKEAH).

Crisis Readiness: Revisiting the Distance Framework During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

While CSCW researchers have studied collaboration across distance for more than two decades, the scale and context of geographically distributed work during the pandemic is unprecedented. Working from home as the default setting during the COVID-19 pandemic provides a unique opportunity for CSCW research to explore and develop new understandings of what it entails to engage in distributed collaborative work during a global crisis. In this paper, we revisit the distance framework, originally developed by Olson and Olson in 2000, through empirical data collected during the critical moments where COVID-19 was declared a pandemic and the world shut down: namely March 2020. We use the data to interrogate the distance framework and to extend it with a new dimension - Crisis Readiness. Crisis Readiness stipulates that for organizations to successfully respond to crises, four factors are required: 1) the ability to respond fast with dramatic measures; 2) the ability to supply adequate infrastructure to their employees; 3) the ability to adapt work practice responding to new work and life conditions; and 4) the ability to handle multiple and diverse interruptions both at the individual and organizational levels. Our contribution to CSCW research is a revised distance framework, which demonstrates that for geographically distributed work to be successful during a global crisis, cooperating actors need to achieve Common Ground, engage in different types of coupled work, be ready for collaboration and collaboration technology - and lastly, work in an organization which demonstrates Crisis Readiness.

Benefits, challenges and sustainability of digital healthcare for NHS Wales: a qualitative study.

INTRODUCTION: Digital healthcare in the UK was adopted out of necessity rather than choice during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, as we move forward, UK governments and healthcare services have acknowledged its evident benefits for patients, staff and the National Health Service (NHS), and are keen to sustain its improvements in the long term. OBJECTIVE: To understand the benefits, challenges and sustainability of a future-proof digital healthcare. DESIGN: A semi-structured interview study was conducted. SETTING: In NHS services in Wales, UK. PARTICIPANTS: With clinical and non-clinical staff across a mix of clinical specialties. OUTCOME MEASURES: Semi-structured interviews were conducted to address benefits, challenges and sustainability of a national video consulting (VC) service, and thematically coded using a quantification method of qualitative work. RESULTS: A total of 203 interviews were conducted and 3 dominant domains emerged, with 7 themes and 26 categories. LIMITATIONS: It is important to acknowledge that these findings were captured during a pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: NHS Wales has demonstrated that currently there are an equal measure of benefits and challenges to a national digital healthcare. However, with ongoing government and service support, improvement and evaluation, it has potential for a sustainable digital future, in which the benefits can outweigh the challenges.

Towards Predicting Length of Stay and Identification of Cohort Risk Factors Using Self-Attention-Based Transformers and Association Mining: COVID-19 as a Phenotype.

Predicting length of stay (LoS) and understanding its underlying factors is essential to minimizing the risk of hospital-acquired conditions, improving financial, operational, and clinical outcomes, and better managing future pandemics. The purpose of this study was to forecast patients' LoS using a deep learning model and to analyze cohorts of risk factors reducing or prolonging LoS. We employed various preprocessing techniques, SMOTE-N to balance data, and a TabTransformer model to forecast LoS. Finally, the Apriori algorithm was applied to analyze cohorts of risk factors influencing hospital LoS. The TabTransformer outperformed the base machine learning models in terms of F1 score (0.92), precision (0.83), recall (0.93), and accuracy (0.73) for the discharged dataset and F1 score (0.84), precision (0.75), recall (0.98), and accuracy (0.77) for the deceased dataset. The association mining algorithm was able to identify significant risk factors/indicators belonging to laboratory, X-ray, and clinical data, such as elevated LDH and D-dimer levels, lymphocyte count, and comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes. It also reveals what treatments have reduced the symptoms of COVID-19 patients, leading to a reduction in LoS, particularly when no vaccines or medication, such as Paxlovid, were available.

Laboratory informatics in COVID-19 pandemic era

Data and information technology is a key component in responding to covid-19 disease and is an effective way for informing personnel, resource management, and inter-intra organizational communication. During the pandemic, technology-based tools enable organizations to facilitate the widespread information dissemination, real-time tracking, meetings and daily activities virtualization and telemedicine visits for patients, physicians, and other health care providers as a major risk group of COVID-19. © 2022, Iranian Medical Informatics Association (IrMIA). All rights reserved.

Information Technology, Healthcare Data and Analytics, and Clinical Engineering

During a health crisis and a pandemic, information technology, analytics, and clinical engineering departments within an acute-care hospital setting play a significant role in the delivery of healthcare services. Electronic health record systems have become equally as important as the technology infrastructure that underpins them and the healthcare service itself. Both healthcare workers and patients require network access for effective communications, both within the hospital and beyond. Collaboration tools within and across departments at all levels have become essential for business continuity and clinical care. During the COVID-19 crisis, the virtual workspace became the "new normal” for healthcare workers, and virtual care through telehealth platforms, for patients and caregivers, enabled a quality of care to be maintained while still protecting both patients and healthcare workers throughout the infectious pandemic surge. Providing such services required agile project planning, along with a collaborative team effort, to quickly and effectively respond to expanded patient capacity within SBH. This chapter documents how the IT department at SBH Health System was able to successfully adapt to the demanding requirements of the initial COVID-19 surge in New York City, and it further highlights the key lessons learned to help recognize the tools needed to assist enhanced clinical innovations during a health crisis, especially an infectious pandemic. © SBH Health System 2022.

Exploring the topic structure and evolutionary trends of health informatics research in library and information science

PurposeThis study aims to reveal the topic structure and evolutionary trends of health informatics research in library and information science.Design/methodology/approachUsing publications in Web of Science core collection, this study combines informetrics and content analysis to reveal the topic structure and evolutionary trends of health informatics research in library and information science. The analyses are conducted by Pajek, VOSviewer and Gephi.FindingsThe health informatics research in library and information science can be divided into five subcommunities: health information needs and seeking behavior, application of bibliometrics in medicine, health information literacy, health information in social media and electronic health records. Research on health information literacy and health information in social media is the core of research. Most topics had a clear and continuous evolutionary venation. In the future, health information literacy and health information in social media will tend to be the mainstream. There is room for systematic development of research on health information needs and seeking behavior.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the topic structure and evolutionary trends of health informatics research based on the perspective of library and information science. This study helps identify the concerns and contributions of library and information science to health informatics research and provides compelling evidence for researchers to understand the current state of research.

An overview of bioinformatics technology application in the study of novel coronavirus

Bioinformatics technology has many applications in the research of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. By sequencing the whole genome of the collected samples, the target genetic code can be obtained. The analysis of sample virus strains on the genetic information level could help study the mutation degree and evolution process of the virus, providing help for tracing the source of the virus, and finally guiding the prevention and control of the epidemic situation. However, the variants of SARS-CoV-2 have evolved rapidly, which has brought challenges to vaccine research and development, as well as epidemic prevention and control. In this paper, the bioinformatics technology applied in the relevant research of novel coronavirus is comprehensively described. Researchers can provide effective information for virus tracing by using second-generation and third-generation sequencing and nucleic acid analysis. © 2023 SPIE.

Virtual assistant: a tool for health co-production in coping with covid-19 / Asistente virtual: una herramienta para co-producción en salud con el fin de hacer frente al covid-19 / Assistente virtual: ferramenta para coprodução em saúde no enfrentamento à covid-19

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the development of a virtual assistant as a potential tool for health co-production in coping with COVID-19. Method: this is an applied technological production research study developed in March and April 2020 in five stages: 1) literature review, 2) content definition, 3) elaboration of the dialog, 4) test of the prototype, and 5) integration with the social media page. Results: the literature review gathered diverse scientific evidence about the disease based on the Brazilian Ministry of Health publications and by consulting scientific articles. The content was built from the questions most asked by the population, in March 2020, evidenced by Google Trends, in which the following topics emerged: concept of the disease, prevention means, transmission of the disease, main symptoms, treatment modalities, and doubts. Elaboration of the dialog was based on Natural Language Processing, intentions, entities and dialog structure. The prototype was tested in a laboratory with a small number of user computers on a local network to verify the functionality of the set of apps, technical and visual errors in the dialog, and whether the answers provided were in accordance with the user's question, answering the questions correctly and integrated into Facebook. Conclusion: the virtual assistant proved to be a health education tool with potential to combat "Fake News". It also represents a patient-centered form of health communication that favors the strengthening of the bond and interaction between health professionals and patients, promoting co-production in health.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el desarrollo de un asistente virtual como posible herramienta para la co-producción en salud a fin de hacer frente al COVID-19. Método: trabajo de investigación aplicado de producción tecnológica, desarrollado en marzo y abril de 2020 en cinco etapas: 1) revisión de la literatura, 2) definición del contenido, 3) elaboración del diálogo, 4) prueba del prototipo y 5) integración con la página web del medio social. Resultados: en la revisión de la literatura se reunieron evidencias científicas sobre la enfermedad a partir de las publicaciones del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil, al igual que sobre la base de consultas en artículos científicos. El contenido se elaboró a partir de las preguntas más frecuentes de la población, en marzo de 2020, puestas en evidencia por medio de Google Trends, donde surgieron los siguientes temas: concepto de la enfermedad, formas de prevención, transmisión de la enfermedad, principales síntomas, modalidades de tratamiento y dudas. La elaboración del diálogo se basó en el Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural, en intenciones, en entidades y en la estructura del diálogo. El prototipo se puso a prueba en un laboratorio con una cantidad reducida de computadoras usuario en una red local para verificar la funcionalidad del conjunto de aplicaciones, errores técnicos y visuales acerca del diálogo, y si las respuestas proporcionadas estaban de acuerdo con la pregunta del usuario, respondiendo correctamente los interrogantes e integrado a Facebook. Conclusión: el asistente virtual demostró ser una herramienta de educación en salud con potencial para combatir Fake News. También representa una forma de comunicación en salud centrada en el paciente que favorece el fortalecimiento del vínculo y la interacción entre profesionales de la salud y pacientes, promoviendo así la coproducción en salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o desenvolvimento de um assistente virtual como ferramenta potencial para a coprodução em saúde no enfrentamento à COVID-19. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa aplicada de produção tecnológica, desenvolvida nos meses de março e abril de 2020 em cinco etapas: 1) revisão de literatura, 2) definição de conteúdo, 3) construção do diálogo, 4) teste do protótipo e 5) integração com página de mídia social. Resultados: a revisão de literatura reuniu evidências científicas sobre a doença a partir das publicações do Ministério da Saúde, no Brasil, e de consultas em artigos científicos. O conteúdo foi construído a partir das perguntas mais realizadas pela população, em março de 2020, evidenciadas por meio do Google Trends, em que emergiram os seguintes temas: conceito da doença, formas de prevenção, transmissão da doença, principais sintomas, formas de tratamento e dúvidas. A construção do diálogo foi baseada em Processamento de Linguagem Natural, intenções, entidades e estrutura de diálogo. O protótipo foi testado em laboratório com um número reduzido de computadores usuários em uma rede local para verificar a funcionalidade do conjunto de aplicações, erros técnicos e visuais acerca do diálogo e se as respostas fornecidas estavam de acordo com a pergunta do usuário, respondendo de forma correta os questionamentos e integrado ao Facebook. Conclusão: o assistente virtual mostrou-se uma ferramenta de educação em saúde e com potencial para combater fake news. Também representa uma forma de comunicação em saúde centrada no paciente, que favorece o fortalecimento de vínculo e interação entre profissionais de saúde e pacientes, promovendo a coprodução em saúde.

Insights into the FAIRness of the German Network University Medicine: A Survey.

The need to harness large amounts of data, possibly within a short period of time, became apparent during the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak. In 2022, the Corona Data Exchange Platform (CODEX), which had been developed within the German Network University Medicine (NUM), was extended by a number of common components, including a section on FAIR science. The FAIR principles enable research networks to evaluate how well they comply with current standards in open and reproducible science. To be more transparent, but also to guide scientists on how to improve data and software reusability, we disseminated an online survey within the NUM. Here we present the outcomes and lessons learnt.

Best Practices for the Design of COVID-19 Dashboards.

Since 2020, health informaticians have developed and enhanced public-facing COVID-19 dashboards worldwide. The improvement of dashboards implemented by health informaticians will ultimately benefit the public in making better healthcare decisions and improve population-level healthcare outcomes. The authors evaluated 100 US city, county, and state government COVID-19 health dashboards and identified the top 10 best practices to be considered when creating a public health dashboard. These features include 1) easy navigation, 2) high usability, 3) use of adjustable thresholds, 4) use of diverse chart selection, 5) compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, 6) use of charts with tabulated data, 7) incorporated user feedback, 8) simplicity of design, 9) adding clear descriptions for charts, and 10) comparison data with other entities. To support their findings, the authors also conducted a survey of 118 randomly selected individuals in six states and the District of Columbia that supports these top 10 best practices for the design of health dashboards.

Proposing a Novel Hybrid Short-Term Exchange Program in Biomedical and Health Informatics Education.

International student exchange is a valuable opportunity for Biomedical and Health Informatics students to gain new perspectives and experiences. In the past, such exchanges have been made possible through international partnerships between universities. Unfortunately, numerous obstacles such as housing, financial concerns, and environmental implications related to travel, have made it difficult to continue international exchange. Experiences with hybrid and online education during covid-19 paved the way for a new approach that allows for short international exchange with a hybrid online-offline supervision model. This will be initiated with an exploration project between two international universities , each related to their respective institute's research focus.

Social inequalities and long-term health impact of COVID-19 in Belgium: protocol of the HELICON population data linkage.

INTRODUCTION: Data linkage systems have proven to be a powerful tool in support of combating and managing the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the interoperability and the reuse of different data sources may pose a number of technical, administrative and data security challenges. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This protocol aims to provide a case study for linking highly sensitive individual-level information. We describe the data linkages between health surveillance records and administrative data sources necessary to investigate social health inequalities and the long-term health impact of COVID-19 in Belgium. Data at the national institute for public health, Statistics Belgium and InterMutualistic Agency are used to develop a representative case-cohort study of 1.2 million randomly selected Belgians and 4.5 million Belgians with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis (PCR or antigen test), of which 108 211 are COVID-19 hospitalised patients (PCR or antigen test). Yearly updates are scheduled over a period of 4 years. The data set covers inpandemic and postpandemic health information between July 2020 and January 2026, as well as sociodemographic characteristics, socioeconomic indicators, healthcare use and related costs. Two main research questions will be addressed. First, can we identify socioeconomic and sociodemographic risk factors in COVID-19 testing, infection, hospitalisations and mortality? Second, what is the medium-term and long-term health impact of COVID-19 infections and hospitalisations? More specific objectives are (2a) To compare healthcare expenditure during and after a COVID-19 infection or hospitalisation; (2b) To investigate long-term health complications or premature mortality after a COVID-19 infection or hospitalisation; and (2c) To validate the administrative COVID-19 reimbursement nomenclature. The analysis plan includes the calculation of absolute and relative risks using survival analysis methods. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study involves human participants and was approved by Ghent University hospital ethics committee: reference B.U.N. 1432020000371 and the Belgian Information Security Committee: reference Beraadslaging nr. 22/014 van 11 January 2022, available via https://www.ehealth.fgov.be/ehealthplatform/file/view/AX54CWc4Fbc33iE1rY5a?filename=22-014-n034-HELICON-project.pdf. Dissemination activities include peer-reviewed publications, a webinar series and a project website.The pseudonymised data are derived from administrative and health sources. Acquiring informed consent would require extra information on the subjects. The research team is prohibited from gaining additional knowledge on the study subjects by the Belgian Information Security Committee's interpretation of the Belgian privacy framework.

Modelling Information Needs and Sources in a COVID-19 Designated Hospital.

COVID-19 remains an important focus of study in the field of public health informatics. COVID-19 designated hospitals have played an important role in the management of patients affected by the disease. In this paper we describe our modelling of the needs and sources of information for infectious disease practitioners and hospital administrators used to manage a COVID-19 outbreak. Infectious disease practitioner and hospital administrator stakeholders were interviewed to learn about their information needs and where they obtained their information. Stakeholder interview data were transcribed and coded to extract use case information. The findings indicate that participants used many and varied sources of information in the management of COVID-19. The use of multiple, differing sources of data led to considerable effort. In modelling participants' activities, we identified potential subsystems that could be used as a basis for developing an information system specific to the public health needs of hospitals providing care to COVID-19 patients.

Barriers to, and facilitators of, eHealth utilisation by parents of high-risk newborn infants in the NICU: a scoping review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Parental presence in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has been demonstrated to enhance infant growth and development, reduce parental anxiety and stress and strengthen parent-infant bonding. Since eHealth technology emerged, research on its utilisation in NICUs has risen substantially. There is some evidence that incorporating such technologies in the NICU can reduce parental stress and enhance parent confidence in caring for their infant.Several countries, including China, restrict parental attendance in NICUs, citing infection control challenges, issues of privacy and confidentiality and perceived additional workload for healthcare professionals. Due to COVID-19 pandemic-related shortages of personal protective equipment and uncertain mode of transmission, many NICUs around the world closed to parental visiting and engagement in neonatal care.There is anecdotal evidence that, given pandemic-related restrictions, eHealth technologies, have increasingly been used in NICUs as a potential substitute for in-person parental presence.However, the constraints and enablers of technologies in these situations have not been exhaustively examined. This scoping review aims to update the literature on eHealth technology utilisation in the NICU and to explore the literature on the challenges and facilitators of eHealth technology implementation to inform future research. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The five-stage Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology will serve as the foundation for this scoping review. Eight databases will be searched for the relevant literature published between January 2000 and August 2022 in either English or Chinese. Grey literature will be manually searched. Data extraction and eligibility screening will be carried out by two impartial reviewers. There will be periods of both quantitative and qualitative analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Since all data and information will be taken from publicly accessible literature, ethical approval would not be necessary. A peer-reviewed publication will be published with the results of this scoping review. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This scoping review protocol was registered in Open Science Framework and can be found here: https://osf.io/AQV5P/.